Antibacterial nanosilver coated orthodontic bands with potential implications in dentistry.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Fixed orthodontic treatment, an indispensable procedure in orthodontics, necessitates insertion of dental bands. Insertion of band material could also introduce a site of plaque retention. It was hypothesized that band materials with slow-release antimicrobial properties could help in sustained infection control, prevention of dental plaque formation and further associated health risks. Considering the known antimicrobial proprieties of silver, a coating of silver nanoparticle (SNP) onto the stainless steel bands was done and characterized for its beneficial properties in the prevention of plaque accumulation. METHODS: Coatings of SNPs on conventional stainless steel dental bands were prepared using thermal evaporation technology. The coated dental bands were characterized for their physicochemical properties and evaluated for antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility. The physiochemical characterization of band material both coated and uncoated was carried out using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopyand contact angle test. Biocompatibility tests for coated band material were carried using L929 mouse fibroblast cell culture and MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Antimicrobial activity of coated band material against Gram-positive bacteria was tested. RESULTS: A stable and uniform coating of SNPs was obtained. The coated band materials were biocompatible as well as possessed distinct antimicrobial activity. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The SNP coated dental bands could be potential antimicrobial dental bands for future clinical use. Further studies need to be done to validate the efficiency of coated band materials in oral environments.

Qual a melhor época para se iniciar o tratamento das más oclusões? Parte 2 / What is the best time to start treatment of malocclusions? part 2

Comentamos, na parte 1, os casos de más oclusões incipientes que DEVEM ser interceptados nas dentições decídua ou mista pelo clínico geral, odontopediatra e ortodontista. Na sequência, parte 2, descreveremos os casos que PODEM e os que NÃO DEVEM ser tratados precocemente...

Qual a melhor época para se iniciar o tratamento das más oclusões? Parte 1 / What is the best time to start treatment of malocclusions? part 1

PERGUNTA Durante muitos anos, o significado etimológico da palavra Ortodontia (dente reto) foi utilizado por gerações de ortodontistas que tinham como escopo principal a excelência de um tratamento ortodôntico, com um bom nivelamento e alinhamento dentário. Hoje, sabemos que o mundo profissional se encontra envolvido em um contexto unicamente mecanicista, mas é tempo de voltarmos aos elementos fundamentais do diagnóstico e prognóstico para darmos aos pacientes jovens uma boa oclusão, função de mastigação e estética facial. Sem dúvida alguma, a disciplina de Ortodontia, nas universidades de forma geral, nunca ocupou um espaço significativo, em termos de carga horária no currículo odontológico. Moyers alerta que o professor de Ortodontia tem a difícil incumbência de apresentar uma complicada e, ao mesmo tempo, empolgante especialidade clínica em um reduzido número de horas. O cirurgião-dentista recém-formado logo percebe que não está preparado para o atendimento de crianças com alterações na oclusão, pois não tem conhecimento básico suficiente a respeito do crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacial para efetuar um bom diagnóstico; no entanto, ele vê más oclusões todos os dias, e nada pode fazer. Desse modo, pergunta-se: quais crianças deveriam ser tratadas? Como tratá-las? Quais deveriam ser encaminhadas a um especialista? Quando? Quais deveriam ser observadas para uma intervenção posterior? Por quê? Qual é a melhor época para se iniciar o tratamento das más oclusões? Os trabalhos científicos, as opiniões de profissionais e experiências clínicas relacionadas ao tratamento precoce apontam vantagens e desvantagens da abordagem preventiva e interceptadora, buscando alcançar uma resposta convincente, especialmente em se tratando da má oclusão Classe II de Angle. E quanto a você? Qual é a sua abordagem para com a criança que apresenta má oclusão: trata precocemente ou aguarda?

Preventive orthodontic management of tooth transposition.

The contemporary orthodontics should highlight the periodical control of growth and dental development in order to intercept possible disorders in facial growth and tooth eruption. This may allow avoidance or simplification of corrective orthodontic treatment, making it faster and less aggressive. Tooth transposition, a genetically determined eruptive disturbance, presents a relatively low prevalence in the world population and primarily affects maxillary canines and premolars. This paper presents an option for interceptive treatment of bilateral transposition of maxillary canine and premolar diagnosed early in a young individual. Longitudinal follow-up of RME performed in adequate timing to redirect the eruption pathway of permanent maxillary canines is presented.

La extracción seriada: Manejo ortodóncico y aplicación clínica (2ª parte) / No disponible

Dentro del campo del tratamiento ortodoncico en dentición mixta, la exodoncia seriada ocupa una parcela de gran importancia. Quizás con el paso del tiempo esta terapia no tiene la vigencia que su eficiencia conlleva. Las situaciones que suponen una alteración en la secuencia eruptiva normal, -debidas fundamentalmente a la falta severa de espacio disponible en la arcada dentaria,- son su indicación preferente. Este procedimiento, mediante un manejo sencillo pero correctamente indicado, solventa estas alteraciones que pueden modificar o impedir el recambio dentario. En estos dos trabajos se intenta analizar cuales son los condicionantes, indicaciones y mecánicas a seguir, además de establecer los criterios terapéuticos para su realización (AU)

Regarding orthodontic treatment in the mixed dentition, serial extraction has an important role. This clinical approach is not used as frequent as it should be, considering the efficiency behind the procedure. The main indication for this technique is an alteration of normal eruption sequence caused by a severe arch-length-tooth-size discrepancy. This procedure, through an easy clinical management, can help tooth eruption disturbances. In this second-part series, the authors will establish the diagnostic criteria for the clinical management of serial extraction in orthodontic practice (AU)

Preventive and interceptive orthodontics for the 5 to 12 year-old. Functional appliances: the Nite-Guide and Occlus-o-Guide techniques.

hree orthodontic procedures are described that are used to prevent, intercept, and correct malocclusions at three distinct stages of dental development. Each stage of development (5 to 7 years, 8 to 12 years, and 12 years through adulthood) uses an appliance selected from a series of several preformed sizes. All have predicted socket dimensions to receive unerupted, erupting or fully erupted teeth. These sockets are prearranged in a perfect Class I occlusion. In the first group of appliances, specifically designed for the 5 to 7 year-old (called Nite-Guide), one selects a single size that is large enough to accommodate the teeth after they become straight. This appliance is worn passively while sleeping and simply guides the incoming incisors to straighten themselves using only their own force of eruption. Once straight, the adult collagenous fibers form and thereby prevent most future relapse from occurring. At the same time, the incoming incisors are prevented from over-erupting into a deep overbite and the mandible is advanced to correct any excess overjet. Similarly-designed appliances are also used to correct malocclusions in the mixed and adult dentitions. To obtain optimum results at these ages, active wear of about two hours per day is required. The treatment time is very fast (1 to 12 months in most cases) and the same appliance is also used as the retainer of choice. Most malocclusion problems such as crowding, rotations, overbite, overjet and TMD are 80 to 95% corrected in those wearing the appliance as directed.

A influência da base craniana nas discrepâncias esqueléticas

Este trabalho de revisão de literatura apresenta como objetivo definir-se, através de seu crescimento e desenvolvimento específico, as alterações na forma e na deflexão da base craniana podem ser consideradas fatores etiológicos primários na determinação das maloclusões de Angle...

Estudio de las características de oclusión de niños de 12 años del Municipio de Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brasil / Study characteristics occlusion children 12 years of the Municipality of Caceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las condiciones de oclusión de niños de 12 años examinados por el Proyecto Salud Bucal Brasil 2003 en el municipio de Cáceres. La muestra se constituyó de 170 niños, de los dos géneros, sorteados dentro de 20 escuelas participantes de este proyecto. Se utilizó para el análisis de las condiciones de oclusión el Índice de Estética Dental / Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), conforme el manual de levantamiento epidemiológico básico en Salud Bucal preconizado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el cual describe las condiciones de oclusión en lo que se refiere a la dentición, espacio y oclusión de la dentición permanente. Se observó que la ocurrencia de la maloclusión fue del 78,82%. Esta estuvo presente debido al apiñamiento dental (74,93%), espaciamiento en los segmentos incisales (23,88%), diastema (17,17%), falta de alineación maxilar anterior (58,95%) y mandibular anterior (61,19%), overjet excesivo (11,94%), overjet negativo (4,47%), mordedura abierta (1,5%) y relación molar de Clase II o III (26,87%). Se concluyó que la muestra estudiada presenta un alto índice de factores que componen la maloclusión

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occlusal condition of 12 year-old children examined by the Oral Health Brazil 2003 Project in Cáceres city. The sample consisted of 170 children, boys and girls, selected at random among 20 schools that took part in this project. It was used for the analysis of the occlusal condition the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), as manual of basic epidemic rising in Oral Health extolled by the World Health Organization which describes the occlusal conditions in relation to dentition, space and occlusion of the permanent dentition. It was observed that the prevalence of the normal occlusion and of the malocclusion were, respectively, 21.18% and 78.82%. This last one was present due to the tooth crowding (74.93%), spacing in the incisor segment (23.88%), diastema (17.17%), anterior maxillary misalignment (58.95%) and anterior mandibular (61.19%), excessive overjet (11.94%), negative overjet (4.47%), open bite (1.5%) and molar relationship Class II or III (26.87%). It was concluded that the studied sample presents a high index of factors to compose the malocclusion

[Dentinal hypersensivity after vertical stripping of enamel]. / Ocena wrazliwosci zebiny po szlifowaniu pionowym szkliwa.

INTRODUCTION: Vertical stripping of enamel in patients with minor or moderate crowding of teeth and Angle's class I is an effective method which supplements orthodontic treatment. Stripping is an alternative to tooth extraction or to extension of alveolar arches which carries the risk of recurrence of crowding and further periodontal difficulties. Stripping also shortens considerably the duration of treatment. Apart from unquestionable advantages, enamel reduction may lead to complications such as caries or hypersensitivity of interproximal surfaces of stripped teeth. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypersensitivity and to measure the intensity of pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a verbal and visual assessment of pain in a group of 32 patients who underwent stripping during the recent few years as part of orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: According to verbal assessment, the highest percentage (46.9%) of patients rated their pain as 1 (gentle pain) which corresponded to 1-3 cm on the 10 cm Visual Analog Scale. 37.5% of patients reported no pain. CONCLUSION: None of the patients described their pain as very strong and discouraging from further treatment. All symptoms subsided without recurrence. The patients found this method to be more effective than alternative ones.

[Orthodontics in general practice 4. Impaction of maxillary front teeth]. / Orthodontie in de algemene tandartspraktijk 4. Eruptieproblemen in het bovenfront.

Eruption failures in the maxillary frontal region occur during the mixed dentition period. Dislocation and impaction of central incisors are diagnosed during or at the end of the early mixed dentition stage. These failures can be caused by crowding, premature loss of deciduous teeth, trauma or supernumerary teeth. Occasionally, a preventive orthodontic treatment is desirable to release the obstructed eruption path of a canine. Sometimes, a surgical intervention may be indicated to expose an obstructed central incisor and to remove supernumerary teeth. Retention and impaction of canines are generally discovered late in or after the late mixed dentition stage. In the agenesis of the lateral incisors or peg-shaped teeth, there is frequently impaction of the canines. General dental practitioners must be alert for possible deviations in the pattern of change in dentition right from the early mixed dentition period. Conventional two-dimensional radiographs can sometimes unjustifiably suggest a bad prognosis of an impacted tooth. Cone-beam CT scanning, which gives a three-dimensional image, can provide important additional diagnostic information.

Correction of the alveolar gap and nostril deformity by presurgical passive orthodontia in the unilateral cleft lip.

The use of the nasoalveolar molding technique (NAM) aims to reduce passively the width of the alveolar gap, while improving the AP discrepancy but also focusing on the nose. We developed a within-subjects study in which 11 infants with unilateral lip deformity and varying degrees of alveolar gaps were treated by NAM. Patients included in the study presented alveolar gap at the first appointment to configure the molding device. Alveolar gap was then measured again at the time of lip repair to evaluate the impact of the appliance utilization, and the nostril shape was reassessed to verify the benefit relative to nose symmetry. All patients obtained significant reduction of the alveolar gap. The appliance also facilitated primary nasal positioning, significantly improving nasal symmetry and nostril shape. NAM constitutes an important adjunct to ameliorate the results of primary definitive lip repair while also improving the surgeon's ability to provide nasal symmetry.

Avaliação comparativa de três métodos para o cálculo do espaço requerido na análise da dentição mista / Comparative evaluation of three methods for the calculation of request space in the mixed dentition analysis

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de três métodos distintos para a análise da dentição mista, com a finalidade de se estimar o diâmetro mésio-distal de caninos e pré-molares inferiores não irrompidos. Dois desses métodos baseiam suas medidas em radiografias periapicais, o terceiro utiliza tabelas de predição de tamanho dentário. Em uma amostra de 12 indivíduos, foi estimado o diâmetro mésio-distal de caninos e pré-molares inferiores pelos métodos de Moyers em 75%, Huckaba e Ruellas. Houve diferença estatística significante apenas entre Moyers em 75% e Huckaba. Entre Ruellas e Huckaba, Moyers e Ruellas não houve diferença estatística significante.

Principios básicos para el desarrollo de una correcta oclusión / Basic principles for the development of a good occlusion

Se destaca la importancia de prevenir la maloclusión a partir de la aplicación de los principios básicos fundamentales que van desde un consejo y asesoramiento a los padres, continuando con el control del crecimiento y desarrollo del niño y la aplicación de medidas preventivas acordes a los problemas que se presenten, hasta la posibilidad de interceptar un caso precoz de anomalía dentomaxilofacial, a fin de asegurarnos un futuro fisiologismo armónico del sistema estomatognático.

Principios básicos para el desarrollo de una correcta oclusión / Basic principles for the development of a good occlusion

Se destaca la importancia de prevenir la maloclusión a partir de la aplicación de los principios básicos fundamentales que van desde un consejo y asesoramiento a los padres, continuando con el control del crecimiento y desarrollo del niño y la aplicación de medidas preventivas acordes a los problemas que se presenten, hasta la posibilidad de interceptar un caso precoz de anomalía dentomaxilofacial, a fin de asegurarnos un futuro fisiologismo armónico del sistema estomatognático.(AU)

Consejería de prevención de Ortodoncia en Cárdenas / Ortodoncy prevention consergery in Cardenas

Se realizó una intervención educativa con padres e hijos con el fin de sensibilizarlos al abandono de prácticas inadecuadas que les producen deformaciones dentofaciales a través de la Consejería de Prevención de Ortodoncia, creada en el curso 2001-2002 y que continúa funcionando en la actualidad en la clínica “13 de Marzo”, Área de Salud ”Héroes del Moncada”, municipio Cárdenas, con padres y niños de preescolar y 1er. grado que presentaron diferentes hábitos bucales deformantes, siendo atendidos por una Estomatóloga y una Técnica de Atención Estomatológica con experiencias en la actividad de Promoción y Prevención de la Salud. Se incluye la familia, pues ella constituye el centro de las relaciones de la vida en común, siendo necesario que conocieran los problemas presentados por sus hijos y el apoyo a brindarles desde el punto de vista psicológico y espiritual. El efecto se multiplica, porque el trabajo en equipo facilita la solución de los problemas en la consulta, además de enriquecer los conocimientos del profesional y de los padres. Se realizaron un total de 527 sesiones de consultas con 143 hábitos erradicados. Este método, además de ser sencillo y práctico, evita la utilización de recursos materiales costosos y deficitarios en la actualidad...(AU)

Nuevas alternativas en prevención de maloclusiones dentarias utilizadas en Consejería de Salud Bucal. Cárdenas / New alternatives in prevention of misfuriunes teething using in Consergery Bucal of Health. Cardenas

Se realizó una investigación aplicada con carácter retrospectivo experimental en el Área de Salud “Héroes del Moncada”, del municipio de Cárdenas, en la clínica estomatológica “13 de Marzo”, del trabajo realizado durante 13 años con el fin de disminuir los hábitos bucales deformantes. Se muestran los resultados obtenidos en preescolar y primer grado de escuelas primarias de los controles de hábitos bucales deformantes y la aplicación de formas alternativas de trabajos presentados con resultados positivos en diferentes Jornadas Científicas y Fórum de Ciencia y Técnica desde el año 1992 hasta la fecha. Todo esto lo aplicamos a través de la Consejería de Salud bucal con actividades relacionadas con la Prevención de maloclusiones dentarias, creada en el curso 2001-2002 y que continúa funcionando en la actualidad, siendo atendida por un Estomatólogo y una Técnica en Atención Estomatológica con experiencia en la actividad de promoción y prevención de salud. Se incluyó, además, a la familia, ya que ésta constituye el centro de las relaciones de la vida en común, siendo necesario que conocieran los problemas presentados por sus hijos y el apoyo que debían brindarles desde el punto de vista psicológico y espiritual. El efecto se multiplicó, porque el trabajo en equipo facilitó la solución de los problemas en la consulta, también enriqueció los conocimientos de profesionales, técnicos y padres de familia...(AU)

[Treatment of Class III malocclusions]. / Traitements des classes III.

Current knowledge about cranio-facial growth, the identification of different anatomic types by architectural cephalometric analysis, the new therapeutic methods and a multidisciplinary have changed the mode and the results of these treatments. However the key of success is: begin the treatment as soon as possible. The correction of skeletal anomalies and the normalization of all the oro-facial functions need a lot of time. It is advisable to be efficient at the good time with the good appliance. The quality of the result will be estimated at the end of the growth. In this way, a lot of orthognathic surgery can be avoided. So, certainly the results reward the efforts.

[Occlusal justification of early treatment of Class III malocclusions]. / Justification occlusale du traitement précoce de la classe III.

Authors mostly admit that Class III treatment has more chance of success and stability if it is carried out precociously. Their conviction is primarily based on the use of patient's growth potential. This aspect does not seem to be the main interest of early treatment. The length of the occlusal plane and its impact on mandibular movements (mastication), which can influence growth and maxillomandibular relationships, accounts or even constrains to act as soon as possible. The fundamental objective of early Class III treatment would be the reorientation of the occlusal plane and the rehabilitation of mastication would be the final goal, ensuring an active and physiological result's retention.